The Repo-Man is an evil NPC that visits a Sims's Residential lot when they neglect to pay their bills. Over time, after bills have been delivered to a house, they change colour, going from white, to yellow, to orange to red. As they progress through the colours the need to pay them becomes more urgent. It's (approximately) 2 days between colour changes. Once bills stay red for more than 2 days, they will warn you at 7:00am that they must be paid immediately. You will be given until 6:00pm tomorrow night to pay, if you don't, the red bills will explode and summon the Repo-Man.
He usually takes one or two items but if the Sim is in a large amount of debt he may take several. The items he takes (approximately) add up to the the amount the Sim owes. The Sims of the household get a negative memory for each of the items taken, and may periodically cry about the lost item.
If forced to come in The Sims 3 with testingcheatsenabled true, the Repo-Man will take a large amount of items (sometimes 20) regardless of whether any debt is owed.